In an exciting revelation for medieval historians and archaeologists alike, experts from the Canton of Zurich have announced the discovery of a remarkably well-preserved medieval gauntlet dating back to the 14th century. The find, which was made during an excavation southeast of Kyburg Castle in Switzerland, provides an unprecedented look into medieval craftsmanship and the defensive attire of the era.
Kyburg Castle, where the discovery took place, is one of Switzerland’s most significant medieval strongholds. The castle itself has a rich history, once known in the medieval period as Chuigeburch, which translates to “cows-fort.” The settlement of Kyburg grew around this fortress, which played a crucial role in regional defense and administration. Today, Kyburg Castle remains one of the most expansive medieval castle complexes in Switzerland, featuring a well-preserved bergfried (a large defensive tower), a palas (a residential structure for nobility), and various economic and residential buildings, including a chapel. The site has been a focal point for archaeological study due to its historical importance and the wealth of artifacts preserved beneath its grounds.
Recent excavations in the vicinity of the castle revealed the remains of a medieval weaving cellar, which was destroyed by fire during the 14th century. Alongside this, archaeologists unearthed clear evidence of metalworking activity, including a mold and over 50 metal objects linked to smithing. These findings suggest that the site was once an active hub for both textile production and iron forging, two essential industries of medieval life.
Among the objects discovered were tools and artifacts that shed light on daily life and craftsmanship in the medieval period. Archaeologists recovered a hammer, tweezers, pliers, keys, knives, and even bullet points, all of which indicate the presence of skilled artisans at the site. However, the most remarkable find was a completely preserved 14th-century gauntlet, along with fragmented remains of its counterpart that was once worn on the other hand.
The intact gauntlet is an exceptional example of medieval armor, providing a rare glimpse into the protective gear worn by knights and soldiers during the period. The gauntlet was designed as a four-fold finger glove intended for the right hand. It is composed of individual iron plates, layered like scales and connected by side rivets to allow for flexibility and protection. These plates were affixed to the inner portion of the glove using additional rivets that secured them to a leather or textile base. This base was then stitched onto fabric, ensuring both durability and comfort for the wearer.
The discovery is particularly significant because well-preserved medieval gauntlets from the 14th century are exceedingly rare. According to the Canton of Zurich’s press release: “The previously known gauntlets from museums and collections mostly date back to the 15th century at the earliest. Older examples from the 14th century, however, are extremely rare. So far, only five other gauntlets from this period have been found during archaeological excavations in Switzerland, although none of these pieces is anywhere near as well preserved and shows as many details of design and decoration as the Kyburg gauntlet.”
The level of preservation in this gauntlet allows historians and researchers to examine intricate details that are typically lost due to corrosion and degradation over centuries. The structural integrity of the iron plates, the precision of the rivet work, and the remnants of the original leather or textile lining provide invaluable insights into medieval armor construction. Unlike later plate armor, which became more uniform in design by the 15th century, 14th-century gauntlets varied significantly in craftsmanship depending on the region and the blacksmith responsible for their production.
Kyburg Castle’s history aligns well with this discovery. During the 14th century, the castle and its surrounding settlement were under the rule of the Counts of Kyburg before coming under Habsburg control. This was a time of territorial conflicts, shifting allegiances, and increasing militarization across Europe. The need for durable, flexible, and effective armor was paramount, particularly for knights and men-at-arms engaged in battles and skirmishes. Gauntlets such as the one found at Kyburg would have been a vital part of a warrior’s defensive gear, protecting the hands and fingers while allowing for dexterity in combat.
The gauntlet’s design reflects an evolutionary stage in medieval armor. The use of overlapping plates linked by rivets ensured both mobility and strength, a crucial balance in a period when hand-to-hand combat was still the dominant form of warfare. By contrast, earlier armor designs relied more on chainmail, which, while offering flexibility, lacked the reinforced protection of plate armor. The 14th century saw a transition toward full plate armor, with gauntlets becoming increasingly sophisticated in their construction. This particular find may represent an early example of that shift.
The broader archaeological context of the discovery also raises intriguing questions. The presence of a medieval weaving cellar alongside metalworking evidence suggests a well-developed economy within the Kyburg settlement, with specialized artisans producing both textiles and weaponry. The destruction of the weaving cellar by fire in the 14th century could indicate a period of conflict or accidental disaster, which might explain why the gauntlet and other items were left behind.
For archaeologists, every artifact contributes to a more detailed reconstruction of medieval life, and the Kyburg gauntlet stands as one of the most exciting finds in recent years. The meticulous craftsmanship of this piece not only speaks to the skill of medieval armorers but also provides a tangible connection to the warriors who once relied on such protective gear.
As excavation efforts continue in and around Kyburg Castle, researchers remain hopeful that further discoveries will shed additional light on medieval daily life, trade, and military advancements. The gauntlet, now one of Switzerland’s most significant medieval armor finds, will undoubtedly serve as an invaluable resource for scholars studying the evolution of protective gear during the Middle Ages.
This extraordinary find exemplifies the richness of Switzerland’s medieval history and underscores the importance of continued archaeological work in uncovering the past. The Kyburg gauntlet, with its remarkable preservation and intricate design, now stands as a testament to the craftsmanship and warfare of the 14th century—offering modern audiences a rare glimpse into the armor worn by medieval warriors centuries ago.
